Combined hepatic and portal vein embolization as preparation for major hepatectomy: a systematic review

BackgroundSome patients remain deemed unsuitable for resection after portal vein embolization (PVE) because of insufficient hypertrophy of the future remnant liver (FRL). Hepatic and portal vein embolization (HPVE) has been shown to induce hypertrophy of the FRL. The aim of this study was to provide a systematic review of the available literature on HPVE as preparation for major hepatectomy.MethodsThe literature search was performed on online databases. Studies including patients who underwent preoperative HPVE were retrieved for evaluation.ResultsSix articles including 68 patients were published between 2003 and 2017. HPVE was performed successfully in all patients with no mortality and morbidity-related procedures. The degree of hypertrophy of the FRL after HPVE ranged from 33% to 63.3%. Surgical resection after preoperative HPVE could be performed in 85.3% of patients, but 14.7% remained unsuitable for resection because of insufficient hypertrophy of the FRL or tumor progression. Posthepatectomy morbidity and mortality rates were 10.3% and 5.1%, respectively. The postoperative liver failure rate was nil.ConclusionHPVE as a preparation for major hepatectomy appears to be feasible and safe and could increase the resectability of patients initially deemed unsuitable for resection because of absent or insufficient hypertrophy of the FRL after PVE alone.     

肝脏CT动态增强扫描非刚性对位减影技术的质量评价

目的利用血管减影前后的吻合程度，探讨非刚性对位减影技术在肝脏CT动态增强检查中的质量评价。 方法收集2018年12月至2019年2月于中山大学附属第一医院行肝脏CT动态增强检查的50例患者资料，使用非刚性对位减影技术获得减影图像，对减影前后的图像质量进行评价，定性评价包括图像伪影情况及解剖错配程度，定量评价测量各血管（腹主动脉、肝右动脉、肝左动脉、门静脉主干、门静脉右支、门静脉左支）减影前后在动脉晚期、门静脉晚期的CT值。采用混合线性效应模型及拟合方程评估减影前后各血管的CT值曲线拟合程度。 结果减影后图像均无明显解剖结构错配导致的伪影，3名测量者一致性较高（ICC=0.844，P<0.001）。减影技术一定程度上会降低各血管的CT值，与强化分期不存在交互作用。无论是在动脉晚期还是门静脉晚期，减影前后各血管CT值走势一致，CT值变化曲线吻合。 结论非刚性对位减影技术可轻松实现肝脏CT动态增强检查的图像减影，并获得良好的图像质量。     

2018 ATC/TTS器官移植前沿热点回顾及进展概述

重点概述2018年美国移植大会及第27届国际移植大会有关器官移植基础、临床及转化医学研究的前沿热点及最新进展，包括供者特异性抗体、抗体介导排斥反应、临床免疫耐受、供器官合理利用、供肝保存新技术应用及移植相关病毒感染等概要内容。     

肝移植术后移植物抗宿主病的诊治进展

肝移植术后移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)发生率低，但病死率极高，典型症状包括不明原因发热、皮疹、腹泻和骨髓抑制。其发病机制目前尚未完全阐明，诊断缺乏统一标准，治疗缺乏特异性手段。近年来，针对GVHD免疫反应进程中的病理生理学研究，为开辟新的诊断方法和治疗手段提供可能。目前，大剂量糖皮质激素联合静脉注射免疫球蛋白冲击、免疫抑制剂减少或停用可能是较为有效的治疗方案。而对于糖皮质激素难治性GVHD，应用多种不同的分子靶向药物可能对改善受者预后起到积极作用。     

B细胞介导的体液免疫应答在肝移植急性排斥反应中的作用

目前，国内外肝移植学界对肝移植术后急性排斥反应(AR)的机制阐释为T细胞介导的细胞免疫应答，但为获得长期生存仍需长期乃至终身服用免疫抑制剂。即使如此，临床上AR仍时有发生，并导致相当一部分受者移植肝功能丧失，更重要的是受者术后还受到感染、肿瘤和其他一系列不良反应及沉重经济负担的影响。因此，为肝移植AR机制提出新的理论解释，更全面深入阐明肝移植免疫排斥反应的内在机制，进而依据新的机制研制出新型免疫抑制剂已势在必行。本文就B细胞介导的体液免疫应答在肝移植AR中的作用作一综述。     

腹腔镜扩大左半肝联合全尾叶切除术

1．肝门处预置肝门阻断带，必要时行肝门阻断控制出血；2.肝脏肿瘤压迫第一、二、三肝门及下腔静脉，紧贴肿瘤包膜处理各管道，采取左右结合、由浅入深的策略；3.优先离断肝实质，劈肝后分离出左侧肝蒂，以直线切割闭合器离断左侧肝蒂；4.肝实质内紧贴包块包膜离断肝实质；5.肝脏包块侵犯肝中静脉及右侧尾状叶，术中联合肝中静脉及全尾叶切除；6.术中避免损伤右侧肝蒂及右肝静脉；7.术中使用超声刀、Ligasure等能量器械断肝、止血；8.缝合技术在腹腔镜肝切除手术中具有重要作用。     

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurological defects

Introduction and ObjectivesNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can be considered one of the most common causes of liver disease in our days and is regarded as one of the newest vascular risk factors for cerebrovascular and other neurological diseases.Materials and methodsWe studied a group of neurological outpatients, divided into two homogenous groups based on the presence or absence of NAFLD.Results and conclusionsWe testified an independent relationship between NAFLD and common vascular risk factors (age, sex, educational level, BMI, cholesterol and lipid assessment, Hb1ac). At the same time, we ascertained an independent relationship between NAFLD and more recently recognized vascular risk factors, such as lack of folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin D-OH25, and increased levels of homocysteine. Finally, we have documented that NAFLD showed worse executive and frontal functions, and behavioral changes, such as depressive mood and anxiety, and apathy.     

Comparison of Acoustic Structure Quantification,Transient Elastography (FibroScan) and Histology in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B and without Moderate to Severe Hepatic Steatosis

The purpose of this study was to compare acoustic structure quantification (ASQ) with transient elastography for staging liver fibrosis. One hundred eighty-two patients with chronic hepatitis B and without moderate to severe hepatic steatosis scheduled for liver biopsy underwent ASQ and transient elastography examinations. All ASQ parameters, including total mode, total average, red mode, red average, red standard deviation, blue mode, blue average, blue standard deviation and focal disturbance (FD) ratio and liver stiffness obtained via transient elastography were found to correlate with fibrosis stage (Spearman's r?=?0.783, 0.791, 0.750, 0.771, 0.544, 0.718, 0.691, 0.439, 0.815 and 0.814, respectively; all p values < 0.001). Among the ASQ parameters, the FD ratio had the highest correlation with the stage of fibrosis. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of FD ratio and liver stiffness were 0.911 and 0.906 for F ≥ F1, 0.918 and 0.882 for F ≥ F2, 0.911 and 0.914 for F ≥ F3 and 0.926 and 0.978 for F?=?F4, respectively. There was no significant difference in AUCs between FD ratio and liver stiffness in predicting different stages of fibrosis (p?=?0.062–0.912). ASQ is a promising technique for assessing liver fibrosis in the absence of moderate to severe hepatic steatosis.